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Contents: Psychometry
Introversion - Extroversion and Music Preference by Greg A.
Grove
The
I-E Scale by Greg A. Grove
Memory Traits Research : Results To Date
by Larry Gowdy
Introversion - Extroversion and Music
Preference
Dr. Greg A. Grove, Ph.D. Education
Copyright
1995,
2001
Since
1925 the measurement of introversion-extroversion has occupied a
special place in psychometrics.
A thorough review of the paper-and-pencil questionnaires
and inventories by psychologists Laird, Heidbreder,
Neymann-Kohlstedt, and Bernreuter stimulated a desire to apply
their findings in a novel manner.
I divided the characteristics of introversion and
extroversion into three objective conditions—thinking, social,
and emotional—with the aim of discovering which ones influence
the styles of music we enjoy most.
Utilizing
the musical tastes of 24 females and 32 males enrolled in music
appreciation classes at Butte College, I entreated them with a
two-page experimental survey in return for extra credit.
Page one of the survey featured 18 statements designed to
measure thinking, social, and emotional introversion-extroversion
traits using a 5-point scale ranging from (1) Almost Never to (5)
Almost Always.
On the reverse side the students rated their
liking-preference of 12 musical styles using the same 5-point
scale.
Total scores for each of the personality traits and each of
the musical styles were correlated.
The findings follow, all statistically significant for n=56
at or beyond .05.
Thinking
introverts showed strong preference for soft rock, jazz,
classical, and ethnic/international music, whereas thinking
extroverts primarily enjoyed country/western and shun
ethnic/international music.
Social introverts revealed no strong music preference for
any of the styles surveyed, whereas social extroverts mostly
preferred soul and classical music.
Lastly, emotional introverts found top 40s pop-rock,
contemporary hit rock, and classical music to their liking,
whereas emotional extroverts indicated a strong preference for
only one type of music: soul.
Thus,
the introvert, who is not much interested in business, sports, or
physical activity, tends to prefer music that is cerebral in its
organization and complex in its emotional impact: soft rock,
contemporary hit rock, top 40s pop-rock, jazz, classical, and
ethnic/international music, while the extrovert, whose ideas of
mind are ideas of action and physical activity, with an emotional
life that is more direct, is attracted to music that discloses the
outer world around him: country/country
western, classical, and soul.
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The I-E
Scale
MS Word
Dr. Greg A. Grove, Ph.D. Education
Copyright
1995,
2001
Directions:
Respond by indicating the degree to which each statement
agrees with the perception you have of yourself.
Record numbers 0-5 on the lines provided below, based on
the following scale:
5
= Almost Always
4 = Frequently
3 = Occasionally
2 = Rarely
1 = Almost Never
0 = Doesn’t Apply
_____A.
I show individuality and originality in written reports.
_____B.
I dislike test questions in which the information tested is
in a different form
from
that in which it was learned.
_____C.
I avoid exaggeration when sharing personal experiences.
_____D.
I lose control when I get angry.
_____A.
I engage in reflective, philosophical thought.
_____B.
I prefer to have a theory or principle explained rather
than studying it out
for myself.
_____C.
I conceal disappointments.
_____D.
I shed tears when I hear a sad story.
_____A.
I spend leisure time reading poetry, stories, or plays.
_____B.
I am uninterested in discussions of The Ideal Society.
_____C.
When people displease me, I refrain from saying anything.
_____D.
I get excited when I argue.
Scoring
Instructions:
Add
your points and record them below.
Then check whichever one is higher (assuming no ties).
Mysterium Membership Averages
Total
points for A statements: _________/15
___
11.7
SD 2.8
Total
points for B statements: _________/15
___
7.8
SD 3.0
Total points for C statements: _________/15
___
10.9
SD 2.5
Total
points for D statements: _________/15
___
8.2
SD 2.0
Total points for A + C
statements: _____/30
___
22.5
SD 2.1
Total points for B + D
statements: _____/30
___
16.0
SD 3.3
Total points for A + D
statements: _____/30
____________ Predicted IQ Range (Table B)
Interpretation
of Test Results:
The
three A statements elicit responses to Thinking
Introversion.
The Thinking Introvert prefers intellectual activities; is
interested in theories, abstractions, principles, meanings and
values; is interested in the origin and interpretation of facts;
has a fertile imagination which often leads beyond known facts;
displays a critical, inquiring attitude towards experiences; is
deliberate and hesitant in actions.
The
three B statements elicit responses to Thinking
Extroversion.
The Thinking Extrovert prefers manual, physical, and other
overt activities; is primarily interested in the application of
theories and principles; tends to restrict himself to the learning
and classification of facts; has difficulty in going beyond
concrete reality to develop something new; tends to accept
experiences and the judgment of others uncritically; likes prompt,
rapid action.
The
three C statements elicit responses to Emotional
Introversion.
The Emotional Introvert tends to repress and inhibit the
outward expression of emotions and feelings; broods and worries;
does not demand the immediate and direct satisfaction of desires
and emotions; appears patient; does not make the typical response
to simple, direct emotional appeals; and has an emotional life
that is complex.
The
three D statements elicit responses to Emotional
Extroversion.
The Emotional Extrovert experiences an outward expression
of emotions with little emotional residue; forgets unpleasantness
quickly; tends to satisfy emotions and feelings immediately and
directly; makes the expected response to simple, direct emotional
appeals.
Based
on your higher scores (A or B vs. C or D), record your preferred
style of relating to yourself and your world.
I’m
_______________________________ and _____________________________.
For
example, Larry’s top scores were A and D, which means he sees
himself as a Thinking Introvert who is Emotionally Extroverted.
Now
by comparing A+C versus B+D, you identify whether you are more Introvert
or Extrovert overall.
To determine the degree of Introversion or Extroversion
Preference, subtract B+D total from A+C total and assign the
proper algebraic symbol.
For
example, Carol scored 15 A+C points and 12 B+D points.
Mathematically, that would be 15-12 = +3 points or +3
Introvert, whereas Charles scored 16 A+C points and 22 B+D
points.
Thus his score would be 16-22 or -6 Extrovert.
Use Table A to determine your Personality Preference based
on several Mysterium members who participated in a recent research
study of the I-E Scale.
Table A
Score
Difference
MYSTERIUM MEMBER PROFILES
+18
and above
Extremely Introverted
+10
to +17
More Introverted Than the Typical Member
+2
to +9
AVERAGE or Like the Typical Member
-2
to +1
More Extroverted Than the Typical Member
-6
to -1
Extremely Extroverted
To
determine your predicted IQ range, percentile rank, and
classification on the Mysterium Entrance Exam, refer to Table B.
Table B
A+D
Total Points
Predicted IQ Score (r = .89)
Percentile Rank
Classification
26-30
IQ 145-150+
99.75 to 99.9+
Near Genius
22-25
IQ 140-144
99.4 to 99.7
Very Gifted
18-21
IQ 135-139
99.0 to 99.3
Gifted
14-17
IQ 130-134
97 to 98
Very Superior
10-13
IQ 125-129
94 to 96
Superior
6-9
IQ 120-124
89 to 93
Superior
1-5
IQ 115-119
83 to 88
High Average
Based
on those members who participated in the study, the average IQ was
138.8 (SD 4.9), with a range from 132 to 147.
The median IQ was 137 as was the mode.
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Memory Traits Research : Results To Date by Larry Gowdy
As most of you probably already know, I
have been accumulating data about how memory plays an important role in our
personality. Opinions, no matter how well thought-out they may be, are useless
without sufficient validating data.
Over the past few months I have been active at
coaxing participants to email me their five most important memories in
chronological order, plus include any three things they want most. Additional
information requested is their age, gender, IQ, education, race, religion, and
occupation. The goal is to receive data from a minimum of 1,000 individuals.
We just recently passed the 500 mark.
The hypothesis I began with naturally proved correct, but what wasn't fully
expected is how particular traits correlate 100% to other factors as well. A
thorough thesis will not be published until after we receive 1,000 records,
but this short article should lend an idea of how exceptionally well the
traits congregate into highly specific inward and outward personalities (and
perhaps tease your curiosity).
For illustration, I will use a numeric scale to show
differences in memory traits. The higher the number, the higher developed the
individual. For purposes of this research, "developed" is defined as
"the state of a person's capacity to use their physical and intellectual
abilities", or in other words, how a person has matured as a 'whole' and
not limited himself.
Some of the first submissions were graded
incorrectly, and upon re-reading their memories, it was found I had
interjected what I had hoped to see, not what was actually there. After
carefully revising the scoring technique, the remaining submissions have been
given ratings capable of withstanding careful scrutiny.
Remember also that most submissions were received by
email and thus reflect online individuals by a large majority. If it were
possible to gather submissions from the general public, it is my opinion that
the number "2" group would constitute well over 99%. Nevertheless,
what follows contains some of the findings thus far.
A little over 94% of participants scored a
"2", which is about as low as a person can get and still be alive.
(Only one record was scored at a "1" thank goodness). Everyone
within the "2" rating possessed the identical same outward and
inward personality traits.
The next 3% scored a "3". Immediately upon
reaching 3, participants began reporting their IQ. Within the raw data, it is
easy to see the obvious reason why such a sudden change occurs.
A little under 1% had a "4", and it was at this point that the
person's outward personality traits first began seeing an occasional jump in
quality.
The "5" consisted of a little over 1% and
marked the center point where outward and inward personalities began swinging
wildly, showing it to be the critical pivot from which a person evolves from
the lowly 2's on his way to higher levels. At this level is where we first
begin seeing signs of evolving individuals who have completely distanced
themselves from what the "2s" hold as dear in life. A "5"
denotes superior existence, not by my opinion alone, but by the data as well.
Also at this level is a major change in one trait that practically jumps off
the page at you, screaming to be noticed.
Levels "6" and "7", consisting of
slightly under 1%, further clarified the evolving traits of "5's".
Again another major change takes place where there is no variance among the
participants whatsoever, showing all who are at this level share in a common
manner of thought and action.
Level "8" solidifies and helps validate
"6" and "7" by showing a further intensification of the
evolving traits. Again a major shift takes place where absolutely none of the
"2" characteristics exist at all, but only the higher traits.
Level "9" is the almost-completed
culmination of evolving traits, and so far consists of only two individuals
who were among the first to provide information. Since these two individuals
were known to me, I have used their traits as a measure for all others. It was
highly satisfying to observe by what steps people evolve from a "2"
to become the "9". So far no one has scored
a "10", although we do know it exists (not everyone we know has
submitted their memories). The "10" possesses specific traits
similar to "8" and "9", but taking another major jump, it
goes from "being there" to "being it".
Of main interest to me is how 7 through 9 not only
displayed superior abilities, every single person also directed their zealous
attention towards one specific subject (a topic that is highly uncommon). What
is deemed anathema to the "2" is held as sacred to the
"7", "8", "9", and "10".
Let's say the uncommon topic were peanut shells
(which it isn't). What could be so fascinating about peanut shells to attract
the devoted attention of the world's most developed humans? If the average
person were to see you and your friends gazing wide-eyed at a peanut shell, he
would think you are all nuts wouldn't he? We therefore now have validation
that what evolved individuals see as perfectly normal, so-called average
people can't see at all. Even if the average person were told why a peanut
shell was fascinating, he still couldn't grasp the importance because his
characteristics won't permit the perception. Further, even if told the topic,
the average person would still decline interest because it isn't within him to
seek the answer, for if it were in him, he would have found it already.
Needless to say, I'm anxious to complete the 1,000
data records so I can freely discuss the results in detail.
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